News agencies mistakenly report that the a truce is now being discussed with Hamas, such as the armistice that ended hostilities in World War I, exactly 100 years ago, on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the eleventh month on Nov. 11 1918, paving the way to the Versailles peace treaty and the genesis of the League of Nations.
However, the three Arabic nuanced terms being discussed with Hamas as a resolution to the current situation have nothing to do with a truce.
Those terms are Hudna, Tahadia and Hudaybiyyah,
All three terms imply continued war, after a respite.
• Hudna – a tactical pause intended only for rearmament, a temporary respite in the war between Islamic forces and non-Islamic forces.
The authoritative Islamic Encyclopedia (London, 1922) defines hudna as a “temporary treaty” which can be approved or abrogated by Islamic religious leaders, depending on whether or not it serves the interests of Islam; a hudna cannot last for more than 10 years.
• Tahadia – a temporary halt in hostile activity which can be violated at any time
• Hudaybiyyah – An understanding that there will be no fighting for 10 years named for the “treaty of Hudaybiyyah” in 628 AD.
The Islamic Encyclopedia mentions the Hudaybia treaty as an “ultimate hudna”.
The late PLO leader Yasser Arafat often referred to “a hudna” in his speeches when he defined and described the nature of the Oslo Accords.
In the words of the Islamic Encyclopedia, “The Hudaybia treaty, concluded by the Prophet Mohammad with the unbelievers of Mecca in 628, provided a precedent for subsequent treaties which the Prophet’s successors made with non-Muslims. Mohammad made a hudna with a tribe of Jews back then to give him time to grow his forces, then broke the treaty and wiped them out. Although this treaty was violated within three years from the time that it was concluded, most jurists concur that the maximum period of peace with the enemy should not exceed ten years, since it was originally agreed that the Hudaybia treaty should last ten years.”
Hudna, Tahadia and Hudaybiyyah – the only options on the table with Hamas – do not compare to the “mu’ahada” treaty of peace that Egypt signed with Israel in 1979, or the mu’ahada treaty of peace that Jordan signed with Israel in 1994.
How many people remember that three hudnas already occurred with Gaza?
How many people remember what occurred during those ‘hudnas”’?
Well, the people in Sderot and the Negev region of Israel remember.
Let us refresh our memories.
From November 26, 2006, until May 15, 2007, a Hudna between Hamas and Israel went on for almost six months. One cannot ignore the statement made by Hamas five days before the hudna went into effect: “Hamas’s military wing will stop the rocket fire when residents evacuate the city of Sderot.” (from November 21, 2006)
During that hudna, Gazans launched 315 missiles targeted at Sderot and the western Negev, according to an IDF spokesman.
And there was another hudna with Gaza which lasted until the end of Dedember. 2008, which witnessed 878 attacks fired from Gaza.
And there was a hudna from the end of Operation Cast Lead on January 18, 2009, to the first day of Operation Pillar of Defense on November 12, 2012.
During that period, approximately 2,000 rockets and missiles were fired from Gaza, sending one million Israelis running to shelters
And from the end of operation ‘Pillar of Defense’, through June 30th 2014, 300 aerial attacks were launched from Gaza towards southern Israel- during yet another tenuous Hudna.
What country would tolerate one missile fired into its territory…and agree to a Hudna, Tahadia and Hudaybiyyah that promises yet more aerial attacks?
Full disclosure: Our agency retains the services of an Arab news team in Gaza. We asked them what was on the agenda – a truce or a Hudna?
Their answer was that the term being used by Hamas and the entire Gaza public domain is that what is on the agenda is a Hudna, which no one is obligated to observe.
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