The Polish city of Lodz hosted its first-ever Jewish celebratory event, “The Festival of Tranquility,” over the Jewish holiday of Shavuot.
Organized by the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland, in collaboration with Shavei Israel emissary to Lodz Rabbi David Szychowski, it was a singular event connecting art and spirituality. The festival featured films, Torah study, workshops in calligraphy and cooking, a concert and more.
“The Festival of Tranquility” began Saturday, June 8, with a night of Torah study in honor of Shavuot, when Jews traditionally gather to learn. The following day featured a tour of Lodz and its historical landmarks.
“The Festival of Jewish Culture” in Warsaw has taken place annually since 2004, and includes Jewish (both Hebrew and Yiddish) theater, music, films, exhibits and expositions, even kosher food. Its purpose is to recall Jewish culture in Poland, which was decimated by the Holocaust.
On Sept. 8, 1939, German forces entered Lodz and immediately began targeting Jews, who constituted 34 percent, or 223,000 people, of the city’s pre-war population of 665,000.
In early 1940, the Nazis forced more than 164,000 Jews to live within the confines of the Lodz ghetto, which was surrounded by barbed-wire and a fence, and had no running water or electricity. It was the second-largest ghetto after Warsaw’s, established by the Germans during the Holocaust. Residents of the ghetto came primarily from Lodz and surrounding areas, but also from as far as Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany and Luxembourg.
In January 1942, the Germans began deporting Jews from the Lodz ghetto to Nazi concentration camps. The Nazis liquidated the ghetto between Aug. 9-28, 1944, in the process deporting more than 60,000 residents, mostly Jews, to Auschwitz and Birkenau. By the war’s end, only about 900 of the Jews of the Lodz ghetto had survived.
“Despite the fact that thousands of young Poles have parents, grandparents or even great-grandparents who had to hide their Jewish identity for decades, Judaism has witnessed a revival in Poland since the downfall of communism, and we are happy that we can celebrate it,” said Shavei Israel founder and chairman Michael Freund.
Prior to World War II, Poland was home to more than 3 million Jews.
Today, approximately 4,000 Jews are officially registered as living in Poland, but according to experts, there are tens of thousands of people throughout the country whose forbears chose to hide their Jewish identity due to the persecution they suffered under Nazism and communism.
In recent years, a growing number of such people, popularly known as the “Hidden Jews of Poland,” have begun to explore their connections to Judaism and the Jewish people with many have returned to Judaism, supported by Chief Rabbi of Poland Michael Schudrich.
